![]() ![]() Hunting in this situation, it is argued, would have needed ever more time- and energy-consuming activity, encouraging new strategies. ( 1) argue, as with other scholars for other parts of southwest Asia, that caprine management evolved as a response to the increasing energy costs of procuring meat from medium and large mammals through hunting, consequent upon the impact of cultivation and sedentary habitation on local game densities and proximity to settlements. Caprine engineering full#Until the question of mechanism is more clearly resolved the full possibilities of the contribution of this evidence to explanations for the appearance of herding will not be realized. It is thus not impossible that the morphologically wild caprines herded at Aşıklı could have been introduced from other regions. As the evidence of mid-ninth millennium Cyprus suggests, people were able to transport animals in challenging circumstances over distance, whether through exchange or colonization or both. If the dates indicate the appearance of herded caprines at approximately 8500 cal B.C., a different scenario would be possible. This is certainly very possible because Epipaleolithic evidence from the central Anatolian plateau clearly indicates the common exploitation of caprines through hunting at the site of Pınarbaşı ( 6). If herding does go back to 9000 cal B.C., the evidence would be strongly in favor of indigenous development of caprine herding. What of the mechanisms for the appearance of early animal herding at Aşıklı? This partly involves the question of the dates raised above. ( 3), with animal dung well-attested at contemporary phases of Sheikh-e Abad ( 4). Further east in the Zagros mountains (eastern Iraq and western Iran), evidence suggests goat herding clearly evident at Ganj Dareh based on demography of the goat culling, directly dated to approximately 8000 cal B.C. For example, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent (modern day northern Syria and southeastern Turkey) early evidence of caprine herding has been suggested for Nevali Çori on the Upper Euphrates based on herd demography ( 2), probably contemporary with the best-dated element of the Aşıklı Level 4 sequence (i.e. ![]() The Aşıklı evidence (relating to the Cappadocia area of central Anatolia) convincingly demonstrates caprine herding (particularly sheep) as early as any other areas where a well-founded case has been proposed. The role of central Anatolian communities in the appearance of the earliest animal herding has been unclear until now, with limited evidence published in relation to other areas in southwest Asia. ![]()
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